Join a local tour guide on this two-hour historical walking tour of the city walls: you'll hear about the political and diplomatic challenges that the old Dubrovnik Republic was facing in order to survive as an independent city-state and protect its freedom for almost five centuries.

During this tour, you'll learn about the relations that Dubrovnik had with Venice and the Ottoman Empire, and you'll also discover how the walls were built to protect the city from attacks. Your guide will entertain you with historical tidbits and a small quiz to keep you engaged - you'll guess how many cannons there used to be on the city walls and how many soldiers there were on patrol.

You'll travel back in time to the 13th century and see where boiling oil, bows and arrows were used against the attackers. Your guide will tell you about historical warfare, but you'll also have a dedicated topic on the most recent war in Croatia and the attacks on Dubrovnik in 1991.

By the end of the tour, you'll have a clear understanding of the importance of strong medieval defenses as well as smart diplomacy, all of which were essential for the survival of this city.